The Secret to Topics for Evaluation Essay

The Secret to Topics for Evaluation Essay In different situations, you will use standards set by other people. To begin with, you should think about criteria that you are going to be describing in the very first portion of the human body section. In extreme events, you can rewrite finished essays. Whatever the case, it's always proper to inform your reader of the standards that you're using. In this manner, you will For the reason why that evaluation essay is basically targeted at analyzing any topic, article or book, a large number of students confuse such a paper with a review. If you're studying in the health care field, you are going to have to compose many essays. The topics within this lesson will allow you to get your students going with evaluation essays. Unless your professor gave you specific instructions concerning what you should write about, you're totally free to select whatever topic you prefer! Think about the academic discipline that you have to compose the essay for in the very first location. A general thesis also needs to be offered. It is advised to steer clear of argument essay topics on moral issues because they don't support logical discussion. If you've completed any quantity of research, you're going to learn a whole lot more about a topic than you may conceivably include in a five or ten page essay. Topics for Evaluation Essay Secrets That No One Else Knows About There's, clearly, a limit on the variety of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. Custom writing means a critical company with high standards. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, and make sure you are getting the very best service our business can deliver. Download the internet Casino software today and you may play our completely free casino online, and be on your way to the fun and excitement of Vegas style internet casino gaming! Type of Topics for Evaluation Essay Describe a slice of technology that you've incorporated into your life during the last year or so. The actual individuals highly praise our essay help site. Our technicians will kindly answer all your questions. Write carefully, so that someone else searching for help with the exact thing could choose whether to hire that person. From an excellent example you may choose the standards that the author has used in their writing. It is an impossible task to turn into a seasoned writer by reading tips about how to develop into a writer. Instead, the author chooses an exceptional logic for the narrative which depends on the subject of the review. Compare a single book to another written by the identical author. It is going to also be easier that you develop an evaluation that may be trusted by your readers. Second, it supplies your reader a.. To begin with, it gets your reader interested in the subject and encourages them to read what you need to say about doing it. Here's What I Know About Topics for Evaluation Essay An evaluation essay is a type of writing that expresses certain judgment about a specific topic in accordance with a list of criteria. Since an evaluation essay isn't only part of college essay examples as it may also be utilised in company and company processes, you need to understand the weight of its effectiveness. Like other varieties of essays, it requires an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. It is very similar to a review. Each criterion will act as a puzzle piece to your opinion. Once more, in the event the criteria, judgments and evidence are clear, the general thesis ought to be also. You've got to spell out how you had the ability to produce the evaluation including the specification of the aspects you've considered within the entirety of the evaluation and writing process. Put simply, it supplies a well-reasoned evaluation. Professors have higher expectations, and therefore, you will need some terrific ideas. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. Welcome to compose my school students. What's Truly Happening with Topics for Evaluation Essay An evaluation paper should consist of summary info and your earnest standpoint on the discipline. Free range parenting because you can see, there are a fantastic number of useful, informative and intriguing topics to write about and evaluate. In fact, prior to making an order it's possible to find a price quote on you r essay. Choose a topic and make a true academic masterpiece.

Essay on The Outcome of Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare

The Outcome of Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare The ‘Twelfth Night’ written by William Shakespeare in the Elizabethan era, is a dramatic comedy enriched with a great deal of hurt to accompany scandalous behaviour and shocking deceptions. The comical elements of this play are those which contribute to Elizabethan humour. The principal characters are of a high social status, making any disruption to their life humorous. The main characters are part of the whirlwind of unrequited love and mistaken identity, which when together are hazardous. Viola pays the largest contribution to this play, as she is persistent throughout the scenes. The deceptions and mistaken identity she contributes†¦show more content†¦Her concerns and worries mean that Viola is considerate to others and selfless in ways that she does not want to hurt anyone. In the play, this is shown in her feminine physique, though she portrays a stronger, more man like, character as Cesario. Olivia, the Lady of the house, has a large involvement during this play, as she is centre of the unrequited love triangle, and not to her own familiarity, is a part of the gag that she is in love with Malvolio. Though Olivia’s contribution is mainly comical, the audience do witness a poignant personality in her. Our first encounter with Olivia shows her to be despondent and depressed, at the loss of her brother. There is an instant connection between Olivia and Viola, in addition to the similarity of their names, they are also both grieving a brother. The sadness that death is relative to the play at the beginning misleads the audience to believe that it is written for a comical purpose, though when the comedy is brought in, the contrast between genres makes each more dramatic, causing greater satisfaction to the audience. Olivia’s qualities show her to be open, unafraid and courageous as she speaks about her love without hesitation. Her courageousness is admitted when sheShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Life Experiences997 Words   |  4 Pages Kemal 1 Ayesha Kemal Mrs. Holcombe Period: 7 10/05/14 Shakespeare’s Life Experiences William Shakespeare was born on April 26, 1564 to John and Mary Shakespeare. As a child Shakespeare grew up in the town of Stratford-upon-Avon in the United Kingdom. He grew up attending a school called King Edward VI School, where he learned to read, write, and use proper grammar. He continued to attend school until his family had some economic hardships and he was unable to attend university. Instead he got marriedRead MoreThe Twelfth Night: A Happy Ending? Essay1501 Words   |  7 Pagesdegree of expectation with the genre of comedy that despite whatever difficulties appear within the play, by the end these will be resolved and the play will have a traditional happy-ending with a marriage or a celebration in the final scene. The â€Å"Twelfth Night† is no exception to this rule. Despite problems of confused identities and sexualities, the play ends with marriage for the major characters because they â€Å"have learned enough about their own foolishness to accept it wisel y, and their reward, asRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Taming Of The Shrew And Twelfth Night 702 Words   |  3 PagesDye FYS: Shakespeare Comedies Midterm Disguise and Trickery One of the many factors that William Shakespeare implements throughout all of his comedic plays is the element of disguise and trickery. This element is shown through his works of As You Like It, Taming of the Shrew, and Twelfth Night. The primary purpose for using disguise and trickery is for deceit. The deception involved with changing characters’ identities is used for momentary gain. In the end, the concluding outcome of such deceitRead MoreTwelfth Night by Trevor Nunn (Screen Play)1687 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: Twelfth Night Director: Trevor Nunn Writer: William Shakespeare and Trevor Nunn (screen play) Genres: Romance, Comedy, Drama Runtime: 2hr 14min (134min) Sound Mix: Doubly Colour: Metrocolour Cinematographic: Spherical Budget: 5,000,000.00 (Estimated) Filming Locations: Cotehele House, St. Dominick, Cornwall, England, UK (QuaysideRead MoreThe Function of Disguise in Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare889 Words   |  4 PagesThe Function of Disguise in Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare William Shakespeares play, Twelfth Night is based around disguise and deception, both mental and physical. The deception leads to a lot of misunderstanding and subsequently, a lot of humour. The tale begins in Illyria with the Duke Orsino, who is suffering due to his unrequited love for the Lady Olivia. The Lady is also suffering from the recent loss of her brother and father, and currently wants nothingRead MoreThe Twelfth Night, By Oscar Wilde1158 Words   |  5 Pagescaring for the immediate needs for the family. However, William Shakespeare’s Olivia, in the Twelfth Night, and Oscar Wilde’s Gwendolen, in the comedy, The Importance of Being Earnest narrative seemingly contradict orthodox gender norms. Olivia and Gwendolen both live in a social construct based on male dominance. Yet both of them upends this norm and play dominant role in both of their relationships. In his play the Twelfth Night, Shakespeare uses Lady Olivia to illustrate the complexities of loveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay examples1337 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night Twelfth Night is one of Shakespeares most famous comedies, involving complex plots, which result in hilarious outcomes. The main plot of Twelfth Night tells of Count Orsinos efforts to woo the Lady Olivia who does not return his affection. Instead, Olivia is smitten with Orsinos servant Cesario, unaware of his true identity. Cesario is actually shipwrecked Viola who, believing her brother has drowned, dresses up as a man to workRead MoreShutter Island Film Analysis1435 Words   |  6 Pagesperception of reality. The texts I will include which are evident of manipulation are Shutter Island a visual thriller directed by Martin Scorsese, Inception a visual action, adventure conducted by Christopher Nolan, Twelfth Night written by William Shakespeare, and Tell-Tale Heart produced by Edgar Allan Poe. I decided to choose texts that are recognized for their brilliance. Both visual and written texts are contrasted in relation to time, the visual texts are of modern era whereasRead MoreTwelfth Night Theme Essay - Love as the Cause of Suffering730 Words   |  3 PagesLove as the Cause of Suffering In William Shakespeare’s play Twelfth Night, love as the cause of suffering is one of the most prominent theme of the story. Even though this play ends in love and wedded bliss, Shakespeare also shows us that love can also cause pain. The characters often view love as a curse, something that is thrust upon you and you cannot easily or willing escape. Examples include Malvolio’s love for Olivia, the love triangle between Olivia, Duke Orsino, and Viola as Cesario,Read MoreAs You Like It a Romantic Comedy1658 Words   |  7 Pagesfrequently involves a parade of couples to the altar and a festive mood or actual celebration (expressed in dance, song, feast, etc.) A Midsummer Nights Dream has four such couples (not counting Pyramus and Thisbe!); As You Like It has four; Twelfth Night has three; etc. Frequently (but not always), it contains elements of the improbable, the fantastic, the supernatural, or the miraculous, e.g. unbelievable coincidences, improbable scenes of recognition/lack of recognition, willful disregard of

Eymp 1 free essay sample

Explain the legal status and principles of the relevant early year’s framework/s, and how national and local guidance materials are used in settings. 1. 2 Explain how different approaches to work with children in the early years have influenced current provision in the UK. The different approaches when working with children in early years have influenced current provision in the UK, because thought the history there is always people who have stood up and fought for children’s needs. ‘They are pioneers who help everyone working with young children, past present, to move forward. Not everyone has the personality to be pioneers, but everyone should play their part when looking after children. 1. 3 Explain why early years frameworks emphasise a personal and individual approach to learning and development. 3. 1 Explain the partnership model of working with carers. The partnership model of working with carers and parents, a parent is a very important person to a child, it is always a very emotional relationship between a child and it parent. We will write a custom essay sample on Eymp 1 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The relation can be a source of great strength, but sometimes it could come across as very unreasonable. It is important to know that practitioners have a different relationship with the children than their parents/carers. Practitioners have to develop a bond with the children they look after many babies, but they should never come across as replacing their parents. Babies should be kept with the same carer everyday so they form a social relationship. This is why all the school have EYFS, because they require the schools to but in place a key person system. Practitioners and parents have one main thing in common thy both want what is best for the child. The things they do are not the same, but they are complementary. Partnerships between parents, practitioners and a child, is developing well, they will be able to respect each other and trust. Self-esteem and wellbeing are important to the people in partnership when they are working together. Parents may have had a bad experience at school, and when their child starts school all their past experience may come back to them. This will then make parents be anxious and feel bad about them. Also they may think the setting their child is going to may be the same as their setting and then they could fear for the child. Staff will need to be helpful and positive to help the parents overcome this. 3. 2 Review barriers to participation for carers and explain ways in which they can be overcome. 3. 3 Explain strategies to support carers who may react positively or negatively to partnership opportunities. There isn’t just one single way to have partnership with parents, there needs to be a lot of different ways that parents can access partnership, this is so they can find out the way that suits them. Some parents are busy with work so they will just drop their children off and pick them up quickly, this stops them from having a talk with the main supervisor of the child. 3. 4 Explain how effective mulit-agency working operates within early year’s provision and benefits children and carers.

killer Hygiene Review Essay Example

killer Hygiene Review Paper Essay on killer Hygiene and I run my report straight out of the suit, which remained all the time reading books A. Nothomb killer Hygiene. Ive already laid out in the Quotes several curious coral samples thoughts that I was able to to photograph record through clear glass. All. More from this book, I could not bear almost nothing, and I must say that I did not ashamed. Yes, I went, do not even splattered through this book, and I never have any desire to reject your uncomfortable helmet and let the book in his lungs, breathe it, or to choke or open the ability to breathe underwater. Readers suit is inevitable and no matter how much the protagonist or boasted, saying that it reads like eating a lot and he read in the suit. But, starting to read some books, I voluntarily removes his helmet (for various reasons), some books put pressure on a lens so hard that it cracks, and gradually seep into the crack, some books simply tear off the suit to go to hell. A. Nothomb, with its Hygiene killer did not manage t o get me out of my comfortable position of an outside observer. But what about the book? About the writer of genius, misanthrope, glutton, etc. etc. Praetextatus Taha? Come on, let ones name tells us that no Taha is not and never has been. About perceptive journalist Nina (name it something like a very real)? Again, no no, Nina, and (of course) could not be. There A. Nothomb and a book about it. I realized that somewhere in the first third of the dialogue and Nina Taha, when before I suddenly realized clearly that the killer Hygiene this is typical of womens book. Women in the sense that it could only write a woman, because only a woman can so passionately and convincingly to hate women. Only a woman could put words into the mouth of this hatred of the men like Praetextatus Tah, only a woman could well finish the novel. I will not reveal the ending, but I have all the latest quarter of the book nurtured the hope that it would end like something different, less predictable alas, wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on killer Hygiene Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on killer Hygiene Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on killer Hygiene Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And finally. I do not know whether it is a translator at fault, or I, but verbal duel with reporters look simply ridiculous, and victory by Nina in this fight is not just too artificial (as he said in his happy_book_year reviews) it is the most brazen manner sucked from the finger. At this point, I even closed the book, amazed that I try to stick a frank props (maybe I should not have to open it again). Lets sum up. I do not believe a word Praetextatus Taha, I do not believe a word of Nina, I do not believe a word of A. Nothomb and prefer to read the book, forcing me to take off his suit.

Free Essays on Gender Selection

Sociology Research Paper I approached this paper in a much different way then any other paper I have ever written. The topic that I have chosen is sex selection and since this topic is so new I felt that every resource was very unique and had a lot to offer. That is why I have chosen to write this paper in order of the resources I have found. I hope that you do not mind. Technology nowadays is phenomenal. There is so much that technology is now able to do, and there is also a lot of competition out there concerning technology. With the technology today there truly is no limit to what someone can do. Technology has become so advanced that couples can now even decide what sex they want their child to be. Sex selection is an unbelievably expensive and quite silly process. I would think that as long as a couple has a healthy baby that they would be happy, but not any more. Couples want it all and now they are capable of doing just that. Sex selection has always been around but not the way it is today. Accurately selecting the sex of ones child has been a goal of many cultures since man has been on earth. Some superstition has created many outrageous practices for the reproduction of a child of a desired sex at the time of conception. Recommendations for having males include, having sex in dry weather when the moon is full, the nut harvest is plentiful, and there is a north wind. Many parents throughout history have resorted to selective abortion and infanticide, to guarantee them the sex of their children. With more recent advances in technology couple have more assistance with an accurate method of selecting the sex of their child before conception. At this time there are two methods that provide the best results for sex selection, they are pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) of embryos and sperm-sorting through flow cytometry. The ethical and legal dilemmas presented with pre... Free Essays on Gender Selection Free Essays on Gender Selection Sociology Research Paper I approached this paper in a much different way then any other paper I have ever written. The topic that I have chosen is sex selection and since this topic is so new I felt that every resource was very unique and had a lot to offer. That is why I have chosen to write this paper in order of the resources I have found. I hope that you do not mind. Technology nowadays is phenomenal. There is so much that technology is now able to do, and there is also a lot of competition out there concerning technology. With the technology today there truly is no limit to what someone can do. Technology has become so advanced that couples can now even decide what sex they want their child to be. Sex selection is an unbelievably expensive and quite silly process. I would think that as long as a couple has a healthy baby that they would be happy, but not any more. Couples want it all and now they are capable of doing just that. Sex selection has always been around but not the way it is today. Accurately selecting the sex of ones child has been a goal of many cultures since man has been on earth. Some superstition has created many outrageous practices for the reproduction of a child of a desired sex at the time of conception. Recommendations for having males include, having sex in dry weather when the moon is full, the nut harvest is plentiful, and there is a north wind. Many parents throughout history have resorted to selective abortion and infanticide, to guarantee them the sex of their children. With more recent advances in technology couple have more assistance with an accurate method of selecting the sex of their child before conception. At this time there are two methods that provide the best results for sex selection, they are pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) of embryos and sperm-sorting through flow cytometry. The ethical and legal dilemmas presented with pre...

Why Swinging Puts You to Sleep (And Benefits of Sleep)

Why Swinging Puts You to Sleep (And Benefits of Sleep) Sleep  is characterized by periods of non-rapid eye movement that are periodically interrupted by intervals of rapid eye movement (REM). It is in the non-rapid eye movement stage, that neuron activity slows and ceases in areas of the brain such as the brainstem and cerebral cortex. The part of the brain that helps us get a good nights sleep is the thalamus. The thalamus is a limbic system structure that connects areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in sensory perception and movement with other parts of the brain and spinal cord that also have a role in sensation and movement. The thalamus regulates sensory information and controls sleep and awake states of consciousness. The thalamus reduces the perception of and response to sensory information such as sound during sleep. Benefits of Sleep Getting a good nights sleep is not only important for a healthy brain, but for a healthy body as well. Getting at least seven hours of sleep helps our immune system  fight off infection from viruses and bacteria. Other health benefits of sleep include: Sleep Clears the Brain of Toxins Harmful toxins and molecules are cleansed from the brain during sleep. A system called the glymphatic system opens pathways to allow toxin containing fluid to flow through and from the brain during sleep. When awake, the spaces between brain cells decrease. This greatly reduces fluid flow. When we sleep, the cellular structure of the brain changes. The flow of fluid during sleep is controlled by brain cells called glial cells. These cells also help to insulate nerve cells in the central nervous system. Glial cells are thought to control fluid flow by shrinking when we sleep and swelling when we are awake. Glial cell shrinkage during sleep allows toxins to flow from the brain. Sleep Enhances Learning in Newborns Theres not a sight that is more peaceful than that of a sleeping infant. Newborns sleep anywhere from 16 to 18 hours a day and studies suggest that they actually learn while they sleep. Researchers from the University of Florida have demonstrated that an infants brain processes environmental information and produces appropriate responses while in the sleep state. In the study, sleeping infants were induced to squeeze their eyelids together when a tone was sounded and a puff of air was directed at their eyelids. Soon the babies learned to squeeze their eyelids together when a tone was sounded and no puff of air was administered. The learned eye movement reflex indicates that a portion of the brain, the cerebellum, is functioning normally. The cerebellum is responsible for the coordination of movement by processing and coordinating sensory input. Similar to the cerebrum, the cerebellum contains several folded bulges which add to its surface area and increase the quantity of information that can be processed. Sleep May Prevent Diabetes A study from the Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute indicates that getting more sleep can lower the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes in men. The bodys ability to process glucose in the blood improved in men who had three nights of adequate sleep after limited hours of sleep during the week. The study indicates that adequate sleep improves insulin sensitivity. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Over time, high levels of glucose in the blood can damage the heart, kidneys, nerves, and other tissues. Maintaining insulin sensitivity reduces the chances of developing diabetes. Why Swinging Makes You Fall Asleep Faster By measuring  brain  wave activity in sleeping adults, researchers have determined what many of us suspected: that gently swinging makes us fall asleep faster and promotes a deeper sleep. They have discovered that rocking increases the length of time spent in a stage of non-rapid eye movement sleep called N2 sleep. During this stage, bursts of brain activity called sleep spindles occur as the brain attempts to stop processing and brain waves become slower and more synchronized. Enhancing the amount of time spent in N2 sleep is not only conducive to a deeper sleep but is also thought to help improve memory and brain repair mechanisms. Sources: Cell Press. Need a nap? Find yourself a hammock. ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 21 June 2011. (www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110620122030.htm).University of Florida. Newborn infants learn while asleep; Study may lead to later disability tests. ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 18 May 2010. (www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100517172254.htm).NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Brain may flush out toxins during sleep; Sleep clears brain of molecules associated with neurodegeneration: Study. ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 17 October 2013. (sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131017144636.htm).Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (LA BioMed). Getting enough sleep could help prevent type 2 diabetes. ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 18 June 2013. (www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/06/130618131848.htmm).

Ecotourism industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ecotourism industry - Essay Example Venice, Florida, is the place of implementing the action (Alexander 2013). Generally, nature walk opens up the area for positive interactions and dealings with the neighbourhoods. Inhabitants will particularly find prime chance to watch amazing beaches, fruit farms, waterfalls, rivers, and the vegetation cover. Nature Walk will further embrace tourists emanating from different parts of Florida and beyond its borders. Besides, the activity would help visitors discover and learn the cultural values and practices of the locals from different outlooks (Alexander 2013). Significance of Nature Walk to ecotourism and humanity is the critical aspect the project seeks to accentuate. According to the proposal, hospitality and tourism units of Venice city will play pivotal role in arranging and managing series of nature walks for different categories of people. First, the unit will accord residents and their families the opportunity to watch and feel the splendour of nature of Venice together w ith its neighbourhoods (Alexander 2013). All the revenues collected from the tourists and inhabitants shall assist in maintenance and repair of various ecotourism facilities as well as construction of advanced hanging bridges, pathways, eatery and boats. The array of activities that characterize nature walk will provide significant back up to environmental conservation and management policy (Alexander 2013). 2.0 Overview of Environmental Impacts Nature Walk and related activities have momentous impact on the environment and nature conservation approach. The negative impacts of nature walk include the following: i. Might result to destruction of wildlife habitation Such activity might contribute to widespread destruction of animals’ habitats. It is imperative to clear a part of the vegetation to pave way for establishment of pathways for tourists and residents. Since the activity contributes to destruction of certain habitats belonging to certain animals, birds, microorganisms in the soil among others, it is important that size and frequency of the pathways be regulated. Adults and even children taking part in the nature walk might accidentally cause fires in forests. Sometimes, they spill chemical substance in water hence putting at risk the lives of certain animals and aquatic life (Davis & Davis 2011). ii. Killing of wild animals Individuals who take participate in this activity might resort to killing or inflicting serious injuries on wild animals they come across for fear of their own security. Although the measure seeks to give assurance to participants of their safety and security, it is a threat to wildlife just like unauthorized hunting and poaching (Davis & Davis 2011). Rampant killing of certain rare species of animals might render such species becoming extinct. iii. A hindrance to wildlife movements Nature Walk will compromise unrestricted movements within the ecosystem. In the process, some animal species will migrate from the forest or wate r body as they scamper for safety. Killing of wild animals will further scare away such animals, which would then mean they are confined to their habitats for much longer period (Davis & Davis 2011). The higher the population of participants during the nature walk the more the animals get restricted to their habitats. iv. May lead to pollution of air, water and soil Careless fires, decomposing food items and chemical substances are a threat to the surrounding. 3.0 Environmental Benefits of Project Apart from the negative effects, nature walk result to a number of benefits to the environment. These include: Nature walk as an ecotourism activity will the locals realize the significance of conserving nature. The

Marketing Models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Models - Essay Example Presently, marketing aspects such as advertising need to utilise persuasive communication, creative strategies and planning in order to capture the interest of the target group. The most significant feature in the marketing environment in the 21st century is the increasing active role of the consumer and the emergence of new technologies. This means that an effective and elaborate communication process must exist for a company to attract consumers (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012). There are various reasons for marketing especially when a product is in the mature stage of the product life cycle. In this stage, the sales are high but they tend to stabilize and without the right marketing channels, they can decrease. Therefore, the company needs to come up with a marketing strategy that stands out from its competitors and promotes the products in an extraordinary way (Kile, 2013). In the maturity stage, marketing plays significant roles with the consumers as it help them to associate with the brand by building trust with the customers. It also helps in increasing sales as more customers are attracted to the brand and since it is an established brand, they can trust the company to provide quality products. The company gains a favourable reputation through marketing (Brown, 2001). Marketing is significant for a company as it helps it to adapt to the constant changes occurring in the marketing environment. As many companies are embracing globalisation, information transparency and the use of the internet, their technological capabilities and business models are changing. This phenomenon has made marketing a crucial function in many organisations as they try to differentiate their products to suit the new consumer needs and expand their markets. Markets are also unpredictable following these changes, therefore, a company has to market its products to ensure that the consumers are retained and also capture the minds of new or prospective

Native Americans vs Colonists Essay Example for Free

Native Americans vs Colonists Essay To begin with, colonists were certainly in disagreement with Native Americans. While native, the colonists claimed that they achieve real estate fairly; it was absolutely the Native Americans that were ahead of the game, Native Americans at the beginning were abused in the midst of the process to selling or buying land. In the meantime, colonists made use of the opportunity they were given, to give the Native Americans’ flammable liquid, knowing that the Native Americans’ would be intoxicated. Colonists said that they had mislaid many square miles of property through mediation, colonists said they have done they Native Americans’ no wrong at all. Furthermore, Native Americans’ told them their biz and nevertheless, Native Americans’ and the colonist took a load off together, they had nothing to hide , they laid it all on the table, they played there cards right. However, they just had to say that they had been the first in doing well to the English, and the English were the first in doing wrong. Regardless of the spin and turning of official policy. In the singing of treaties between colonists traditional low down for denying the fact that native Americans had their own conceptualization of private property and were deceit into celling property, and for the fact that whites believed the native indweller had no real claim to land ownership. It was not easy to guesstimate the percentage of the total Native Americans shut off by this hazardous disease. In addition, the Native Americans as it spread through numerous preachers and revivals; confederation was highly regarded than it had ever been effectuated in days gone by in the colonies. Native Americans are indigenous citizens, diseases took an enormous effect on Native Americans which had caused them to have diseases such as, small pox and measles Defenders they fall to their knees. In a like manner, Native Americans had helped the colonists in many ways when they were going through difficult times and through disastrous times as well. Also, Native Americans wanted everyone to stand strong, in unity and to have justice for all. Most importantly they wanted peace, and that was not too much to ask for. Nevertheless, colonists agreed that fighting was the worst thing to do, but they are way better than just doing something like that. They just wanted to ask for what they needed politely, not in a bad or rude manner. Native Americans’ tried to settle everything in a good way so they sign a peace treaty with the colonists, in which the colonists had agreed with them because , they wanted everyone to have equal rights between one another, this included things such as â€Å" if any did unjustly war against him, they would aid him; if any did war against them. He should aid them†. In that case things can better between the two colonies and bad things and arguments can be laid to rest once and for all. In conclusion, it is understandable why the colonist may say that native Americans’ did them wrong, but yet still native Americans’ were the first to stand before them and try to save their life’s in many ways that they possible could, they even sign a peace treaty, they did not try to hide anything at all behind their backs, they said it just the way it should be said and as they say â€Å"the good shall suffer for the bad†. Native Americans’ was not perfect they did there wrong as well. On the other hand, Native Americans force colonist to do certain things they probably didn’t want to agree to for instance, for trying to force the Indians to observe the laws of theirs and regardless of whatever happened between the native Americans’ were the last one standing they were brave , strong , but just remember that when colonists had grew weak, native Americans’ they had compassion on colonist’s and helped them.

India’s Road to Development and the Future Sustainability of the Econom

This year’s theme for Young Economist Students’ Meet (YESM) is Reviewing India’s Industrialization: Problems and Prospects. According to me, such a theme for a students’ seminar is very relevant at this point of time because it has been 65 years since the country’s independence and India is emerging as one of the biggest and fastest growing economies of the world. There are very many obstacles still which hinder this growth and there are other aspects of the Indian economy that are greatly advantageous. So, assessing the path of industrialization in India and the future of the country is very much pertinent in today’s context. Now, India’s industrialization can be divided into three periods, i.e. the pre British era, British era and the post British or modern industrialization era. Before the advent of European countries in India, India was famous for its handicraft products and large scale production of cotton, silk, dyestuff, jute, etc. Indian artisans were excellent at making metallic jewelry, household products and various other items. In fact, towards the end of the 18th century, India emerged as one of the major trading centers in the world. However, all this was to change once the Industrial Revolution was triggered in Europe. Factories in England were producing machine made cloth and these were much cheaper that the handmade indigenous ones. As a result demand for products of Indian craftsmen drastically declined and they soon ceased to exist. The deindustrialization of Indian industry was what followed. This process was further propelled by the colonization of India by the British. The strength of the Indian industry lied in its capability of producing cotton and other fabric materials and exporting it. When the Briti... ... This is highly damaging to the environment and the government in order to promote sustainable development must implement policies to curb such emission levels. Economic sustainability is a global issue face by all countries. How long can earth’s resources sustain the ever-growing demand of the masses? Unless, efficient and sustainable means are adopted, all of the natural resources are going to get exhausted. India has gone from an agricultural economy to one that is characterized by one of the highest growth rates. However, such a change has brought about problems in the form of income inequalities and environmental degradation. Hopefully, in the coming years, the country will learn to combat these obstacles and emerge as one of the economic giants in the world. â€Å"Mother Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s need but not every man’s greed†- Mohandas Gandhi. India’s Road to Development and the Future Sustainability of the Econom This year’s theme for Young Economist Students’ Meet (YESM) is Reviewing India’s Industrialization: Problems and Prospects. According to me, such a theme for a students’ seminar is very relevant at this point of time because it has been 65 years since the country’s independence and India is emerging as one of the biggest and fastest growing economies of the world. There are very many obstacles still which hinder this growth and there are other aspects of the Indian economy that are greatly advantageous. So, assessing the path of industrialization in India and the future of the country is very much pertinent in today’s context. Now, India’s industrialization can be divided into three periods, i.e. the pre British era, British era and the post British or modern industrialization era. Before the advent of European countries in India, India was famous for its handicraft products and large scale production of cotton, silk, dyestuff, jute, etc. Indian artisans were excellent at making metallic jewelry, household products and various other items. In fact, towards the end of the 18th century, India emerged as one of the major trading centers in the world. However, all this was to change once the Industrial Revolution was triggered in Europe. Factories in England were producing machine made cloth and these were much cheaper that the handmade indigenous ones. As a result demand for products of Indian craftsmen drastically declined and they soon ceased to exist. The deindustrialization of Indian industry was what followed. This process was further propelled by the colonization of India by the British. The strength of the Indian industry lied in its capability of producing cotton and other fabric materials and exporting it. When the Briti... ... This is highly damaging to the environment and the government in order to promote sustainable development must implement policies to curb such emission levels. Economic sustainability is a global issue face by all countries. How long can earth’s resources sustain the ever-growing demand of the masses? Unless, efficient and sustainable means are adopted, all of the natural resources are going to get exhausted. India has gone from an agricultural economy to one that is characterized by one of the highest growth rates. However, such a change has brought about problems in the form of income inequalities and environmental degradation. Hopefully, in the coming years, the country will learn to combat these obstacles and emerge as one of the economic giants in the world. â€Å"Mother Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s need but not every man’s greed†- Mohandas Gandhi.

Causes of World War II Essay

Identify and explain at least two causes of World War II. Then analyze America’s foreign policy before the war, and describe how that policy changed as the war progressed. Be sure to include a discussion of how the Battle of Britain influenced American opinion. Make sure you use enough details to support your answer. Two causes of World War II were the harsh provisions of the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I and the rise of nationalist leader Adolf Hitler. Treaty of Versailles – The new German government was required to surrender approximately 10 percent of its prewar territory in Europe and all of its overseas possessions. The harbor city of Danzig (now Gdansk) and the coal-rich Saarland were placed under the administration of the League of Nations, and France was allowed to exploit the economic resources of the Saarland until 1935. The German Army and Navy were limited in size. Kaiser Wilhelm II and a number of other high-ranking German officials were to be tried as war criminals. Under the terms of Article 231 of the treaty, the Germans accepted responsibility for the war and, as such, were liable to pay financial reparations to the Allies, though the actual amount would be determined by an Inter-Allied Commission that would present its findings in. Germans would grow to resent these harsh conditions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles. Adolf Hitler – a charismatic leader who rose to power in Germany during intra-war period. German supported him because they needed a strong leader. He promised higher prices for farmers, jobs for unemployed workers, profits for small businesses and an end to the communist threat for large industrialists. After a year in office, Hitler began a compaign to revise the Versailles Treaty. He declared himself the Third Reich. He withdrew Germany from the League of Nations, renounced the Versailles Treaty and re-armed Germany. Hitler annexed Austria and threatened Poland. Germany invaded Poland and World War II began. The American public was decidedly isolationist and antiwar. When France fell to the Nazis in May 1940, Britain stood alone. Roosevelt began a remarkable and voluminous secret.

Quality Improvement Part 1 Essay

Examine three external indicators and how customers use the indicators as part of the Quality Improvement process; finally explain how stakeholder’s feedback is used in the quality Improvement process. Performance Measurement vs. Quality Improvement process â€Å"The primary concern of managers responsible for the operations of hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare delivery organizations is the quality of the non-clinical aspects of care over which they have most control, most visibility†. (Ransom Joshi Nash, 2008. P. 31). Performance measures are an important element of quality management process. Performance measures has the responsibility to directing their effort when change need to be institute. In the healthcare organization performance measures are a tool used to help managers understand and improve quality of care for patients and to develop a better functional programs for the staff. In contrast, Quality Improvement focuses on bridging the gap between current levels of quality. It is a way to be proactive in preventing errors or perhaps respond to near misses and develop a plan where safety is major components to process improvements. In case of medical errors, quality improvement help identify and see what changes can be made to improve or have preventive measures. Quality Improvement and quality Measures assist owners and managers with improving performances and raising performance standards. Norman Clinic Quality Improvement goals Norman Clinic of Physical Therapy is one of the largest hospitals in the state of Ohio. This clinic is about fifty (50) miles from downtown is dedicated to five key of quality measures. Emergency Services, Physical Therapy, Heart Failure, Surgical, pneumonia. This hospital offers a standard service and has earned its reputation in the management of individuals with disturbed functions or impairment related to neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary, and integumentary systems. Norman Clinic has specific service in quality improvement process such as reducing the occurrence of ventilation of patients in the ICU and NICU. Role of the Consumer Healthcare consumers play an important role in the quality improvement of Norman Clinic and can impact hospital’s reputation, and feedback received from consumers. During admission, each patient receives a booklet who allows him to understand the mission, the goal, and different realization of the clinic in intensive care. This booklet outlining way patients may become active member of the clinic, include the methods used by healthcare providers to meet patient expectation, reduce risk of infection, improve quality of care, decrease medication errors, increase customers satisfaction as it relates to pain management and post discharge care. External Quality Indicators

Writing reflection of the story called The poor man

Writing reflection of the story called The poor man Name: „ Ã‚ ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ·ng Th ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚‹ Qu ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ³nh TrangClass: 13E4WRITING REFLECTION 1I was impressed by the story in the English class last week which was called "The poor farmer". In this reflection, I want to give a brief summary of the story based on my remembrance from last lesson.The story reflected the persistence of a farmer in asking Jade Emperor for the answers to the questions that he, a carp and a tree could not come up with. The three questions were why the farmer could not escape the poverty, why the carp could not turn into a dragon and why the tree could not bear fruits despite their hard effort. After a long and hard journey, in a dream, he met Jade Emperor and had a chance to ask the Emperor only two questions. Eventually, he decided to sacrifice his own question. Given the answers to their questions, the tree and the carp were very happy and expressed their gratitude towards the farmer by giving him a pearl and a chunk of treasure which were, according to the Emperor, the obstacles that prevented them from achieving what they wanted.English: ploughingSince then, the farmer had had his dream of being wealthy come true.The messages delivered in the story required us to think deeply in order to fully understand as they do not appear in the spoken words themselves. The first thing I learned from this story was the necessary, good qualities to achieve what we desire, which were mostly possessed by the farmer. Obviously, this man was so ambitious. He had an ambition of becoming rich and determinedly sought for the reason why he was still poor no matter how hard he worked. In his longest and hardest journey imaginable, the journey to the heaven, he appeared to be...

Which High School Classes Do Ivy League Schools Require

Which High School Classes Do Ivy League Schools Require SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips College admissions can seem like a giant puzzle, especially if you’re hoping to attend an Ivy League or other extremely selective school. Planning your high school schedule carefully is definitely important, but these schools' expectations aren’t as inflexible as you might think they are. In this article, I’ll provide a conciseoverview of what Ivy League admission requirements are forhigh school transcripts and give you some tips on how to map out your classes so you have the best shot at being accepted. What Are Ivy League Schools Looking For in Your Transcript? Ivy League schools want to see students who have consistently challenged themselves throughout high schoolby taking progressively more advanced courses and earning high grades. Here area few examples of Ivy League admission requirements from the school websites so you can see exactly what they say about their expectations for applicants' transcripts. All bold emphasis is mine. Yale â€Å"It is very important that we see a high level (or an improving degree) of rigor and success throughout your high school years.† â€Å"When the admissions committee looks at your transcript, it will not focus on whether you have taken any specific course. It will be far more interested to see that you have challenged yourself with difficult coursework and have done well.† Columbia â€Å"We hope to see that a student is challenging herself or himself with a rigorous course load.† â€Å"The admissions process at Columbia is a 'holistic' one, taking many factors into careful consideration. We do not rely on standardized testing and grades alone and instead look at all parts of every application to help inform our judgment.† Dartmouth â€Å"The majority of applicants have taken the following courses: 4 years of English 4 years of mathematics (often through calculus, if available) 4 years of social science 4 years of laboratory science 4 years of a foreign language† â€Å"Here’s what we want to know: Given the courses that your school offers, have you enrolled in a challenging curriculum? Have you had academic success that suggests that you'll thrive in the classroom at Dartmouth? If we answer YES to these two questions, then we look deeper into your application to better understand your particular areas of academic strength and weakness, subjects that interest you most, and your motivation for learning.† Based on these statements, you can expect a comprehensive review of your application by admissions officers at Ivy League schools, with an eye toward overall course rigor combined with impressive grades. If you’re taking the most challenging courses available at your high school and earning high grades, you’re on your way to a strong application.In the next section, I’ll talk more specifically about which classes you should take if you’re hoping to attend an Ivy League school. Start strong and stay on track. Keep running in circles until you realize that you have homework to do and this was just a metaphor. Which Classes Should You Actually Take? If you want to get into an Ivy League school, you’ll need to take the highest level classes that are available to you (usually Honors and AP courses) in most subjects.These schools expect you to challenge yourself more and more throughout high school and earn high grades up through your senior year. That being said, you don’t have to go crazy with a million APs senior yearto show how much you’ve grown.If you have a strong interest in math and science, for example, and aren't such a fan of English and foreign languages, you might be able to get by without taking the most difficult classes in your weaker subject areas. As long as you show that you are an extremely strong student in your specific area of interest (and have relevant extracurricular achievements to back it up), you will have a solid chance at Ivy League colleges. We saw in the section above that the majority of Dartmouth applicants have taken four classes in each core subject,which isn't too out of the ordinary.To give an even less demanding example of curriculum requirements for applicants, Princeton expects students to take four years of math (with calculus for students interested in engineering), English, and foreign language, and at least two years each of history and lab science.This is a perfectly reasonable expectation for almost any high school student. The mentality of â€Å"the more classes the better† can be very harmful.Don't overload yourself with extra courses in which you could end up dropping the ball.A failing grade is not something you want on your transcript, no matter how many hard classes you take! If you’re looking to fill out your schedule beyond the core curriculum, decide which subject areas are of special interest to you, and then take the most challenging classes or electivesavailable in those areas. Don't put yourself in a situation in which you're doing the academic equivalent of one-handed no-legged (?) pushups and trying desperately not to fumble. I'll give you a sample of what your core course record might look like in high school if you’re hoping to attend an Ivy League school. This isn't the be-all and end-all of schedules, so don't feel as though you have to copy it. It's just helpful to see everything laid out: Freshman Year Honors French 2 Honors Geometry Honors English Honors World History Honors Science and Engineering Sophomore Year Honors French 3 Honors Algebra 2 Honors English AP US History AP Biology Junior Year Honors French 4 Honors Pre-Calculus Honors English AP Government AP Chemistry Senior Year AP French AP Calculus AP Literature AP Psychology Honors Physics I modeled this loosely after my own high school schedule (which I can verify did get me into Dartmouth), and as you can see, it’s not an insane number of classes. Keep in mind that this is just a sample. Your school might offer more or fewerAP classes, or structure course tracks differently.For example, some schools have AP World History or Economics classes, which were not an option at my high school.Other schools might offer only a few AP classes or none at all, in which case you'd just take all Honors classes (or IB classes, if that’s an option).Colleges are aware of these limitations and will take them into account when reviewing your application. If you're an advanced student, you might finish the course track at your high school for a subject before your senior year. This happens especially with math and language classes. If you're done with AP Calculus after your sophomore or junior year, don't worry about being penalized if you decide not to take another math class in high school; you've already reached the level in math that Ivy League schools expect from most students. In this case, you might double up on science classes or classes in other academic areas that interest you during your last one or two years of high school. Try to maintain a relatively even balance of courses in different core subject areas as a baseline, while also taking care to emphasize your strengths. Not too interested in languages but love social studies classes? Even if you haven't finished the entire language course track, you can make the choice to take two social studies classes and lose the language.This shouldn’t hurt your chances as long as you’ve taken a language for three years already and are enrolled in the most challenging social studies classes. Make your passions apparent so your transcript gives colleges a sense of the unique qualities you’ll bring to the school. If you don't like studying languages, this might as well say "Welcome ... to your nightmares (a sus pesadillas)!" What’s More Important: Good Grades or Course Difficulty? Overall, selective colleges value a rigorous course load over perfect grades.An Ivy League school might accept a student who had all As and one or two Bs in the highest-level classes, but it probably wouldn’t accept a student who had flawless grades in mid- or low-level classes. These schools are looking for students who are up for an intellectual challenge and genuinely enjoy learning.If you’re in lower-level classes and earning straight As, you might not be challenging yourself enough.Taking the easy route to a good grade won't win you any points on your application. On the flip side, be careful about enrolling in a course schedule that's too intense for you.If your schedule becomes overwhelming, you might end up tanking your GPA (and your mental health!). It’s a delicate balance to strike between earning high grades and taking hard classes. Just know that you don’t have to take eight AP classes your senior year to get into an Ivy League school. If your schedule gets too intense, your hair could start turning gray, and in severe cases you might even be driven to purchase shutter shades. How Should You Go About Actually Choosing Your Classes? If you're the planning type (which you probably are since you're reading this article), you can map out your entire high school schedule early on in your freshman year. Structure your schedule so that you end up taking courses that are relevant to your strengths as a student while also fulfilling core curricular requirements.Your school shouldhave a course directory that you can look through for this purpose. Leave some spots in your schedule open to more than one option in case your goals change as you progress through high school. For example, if you're interested in both AP Psychology and AP Government but only have room for one, you can give yourself the option to pick between them later on. It's also smart to consult with your guidance counselor in the process of choosing which classes you'll take. If you have a specific college in mind, look at the application requirements toverify you'll fulfill them.Since your guidance counselor will know how other students with certain course schedules fared in the college application process, he or she might be able to give you advice based on the experiences of past students who were admitted to the school that interests you. Talking to your guidance counselor can be helpful, but make sure they're always holding an official-looking folder. That's the only way you know you can trust them. Stock photos never lie. What Else Should You Do If You Hope to Attend an Ivy League School? Apart from your grades and course schedule, your test scores will also be important to these colleges. On the SAT, you should score above 1500 for a solid chance of admission.On the ACT, you should score at least 33.Expectations might even be a bit higher depending on which Ivy League school you're targeting. If you want a good chance of attending one of these schools, especially the most selective Ivies, you'll also need to develop your application apart from test scores and grades. If you can accomplish something in high school that goes above and beyond what most students have done, you'll stand out from the crowd.This could be anything from winning an artistic competition to designing an app to making a breakthrough scientific discovery.These are just random suggestions, and everyone is different. But if you show that you're passionate about something and capable of acting on that passion to produce something unique, you'll have a leg up on the competition. For more details, read our comprehensive guide on how to get into an Ivy League school! Become one with the yellow flower. What's Next? If you're hoping to attend a very competitive college, you may be interested in your high school class rank. Read this article to find out what a good class rank might mean for you. Think you might be interested in branching out on your own academically in high school? Learn more about how to take an independent study class. If you've already completed a semester (or a few semesters) of high school, you can use the information in this article to calculate your current GPA and see how you measure up. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Data Analysis and Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Data Analysis and Research - Essay Example 1978).  Several software have been developed (Hahn,G.J. and Meeker, W.Q. 1991), to help analyze data this include Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS), Stata, R, Minitab, SAS and many more. Data analysis in mixed methods research consists of analyzing the qualitative data using qualitative methods and the quantitative data using quantitative methods; therefore, knowing the steps in both forms of analysis is necessary in mixed research methods (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2007). For both forms of analysis, researchers go through the following similar set of steps: preparing the data for analysis, exploring the data, analyzing the data, representing the analysis, and validating the data. These procedures in quantitative research and qualitative research are different from each other as stated by Creswell and Plano Clark, (2007). In this project, to prove or rather to disapprove the hypothesis in an effort to answer the set of questions SPSS has been used to analyze the given se t of data. The answers to the questions are thus given in the preceding paragraphs; Question A Hypothesis to be tested; a) H0: There is no significant difference in the salary earned by male and female employees b) H1: There is significant difference in the salary earned by male and female employees Since we have two groups (male and female) to compare their means and whose sample is less than 30 (a sample of 25 in this case), T-Test would be an appropriate test to use. T-Test is appropriate to be used to conduct the test since it assesses whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other. From table 1 below, it can clearly be observed that the mean earning for the male employees is higher than that of the female employees. On average the male employees earn ? 24005 while the female employees earn 20319. Table 1: Report How much did you earn (?) last year Gender Mean N Std. Deviation Male 24005 13 3931.393 Female 20319 12 2370.797 Total 22236 25 3719.652 Th e difference can further be shown in the boxplot below; To answer part A of the questions i.e. whether there is any evidence that male and female employees differ in their salaries an independent samples test had to be conducted. From table 2 (Independent Samples Test), it can be observed that the p-value=0.010 (that is when the equal variances are assumed) which is less than the significance level (5%), we thus reject the null hypothesis and conclude that indeed there is a significant difference in the salaries earned by the male employees and the female employees. The male employees earn more than the female employees. Similar decision rule is made when unequal variances is assumed (p-value=0.10). Table 2: Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper How much did you earn (?) last year Equal variances assumed 2.710 .113 2.808E0 23 .010 3.686E3 1.313E3 970.142 6.401E3 Equal variances not assumed 2.863E0 1.994E1 .010 3.686E3 1.287E3 999.698 6.371E3 Question B Hypothesis to be tested; H0: There is no significant difference in the likelihood of raising a safety issue with the company’

Reasons to Drill Off Shore Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reasons to Drill Off Shore - Essay Example In other words, global economy is inversely proportional to oil prices. When oil price increases, global economy declines and when the oil price decreases global economy achieves growth. American economy also follows the same path as the global economy does. A world without oil fuel is unimaginable at present. Even though we have many other energy sources, none of them are capable of replacing oil. Even though nobody has any doubt about the utility or essentiality of oil in sustaining human life in its present form, some people argues against offshore drilling citing environmental reasons. At the time of crude oil purification and also at the time of operating vehicles, oil liberates so many greenhouse gases like oxides of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, methane etc. Daniel et al (2006) have mentioned that â€Å"between 1976 and 1990, oil companies in Nigeria witnessed a total of 2,796 oil spills. An estimated total quantity of 2,105,393 barrels of oil was spilled on land, coastal and off shore marine environments† (Daniel et al, 2006, p.111). Amidst all such criticisms labeled against offshore drilling, it is a fact that the no other energy sources are capable of substituting oil. In other words, offshore drilling should be continued in its present form until we would be able to find out alternate energy sources to replace oil. â€Å"The United States consumes nearly one-fourth of the world's oil. The big discoveries are happening offshore, says Robert Bryce, managing editor of Energy Tribune† (Jervis et al, 2008). The above statistics and opinion clearly point towards the necessities of offshore drilling. It is difficult for United States to replace oil with another energy source at present because of the huge dependence of America on oil fuels. America is producing only 10% of its total oil needs, which means around 90% of oil required for its domestic usage, is being imported from overseas countries. It is difficult for America like big country to re ly heavily on other countries for energy needs. â€Å"Unfortunately, because of dumb luck, most of the world’s petroleum is controlled by nations that are unfriendly to the United States. Russia, Saudi Arabia and Iran were three of the top five producers of petroleum in 2007† (Column: Offshore Drilling Not Hoax, But Necessity To United States, 2009). Arab countries, Russia and China are the major oil producers in the world and America’s relations with these countries are not so good. Under such circumstances, if these countries decide to stop oil supply to America, energy crisis may intensify in America. Under such circumstances, it is necessary for America to increase offshore drilling to find out more oil sources. As Robert Bryce says, the possibility of big discoveries cannot be ruled out in offshore drilling. It should be noted that the entire faces of gulf countries have been changed immensely as result of the discovery of oil sources in those countries. Th e living standards of the people in gulf countries improved a lot as a result of the oil discovery. Such dramatic things can happen in America also and therefore oil drilling or offshore drilling should be continued even though criticisms are there. The following statistics from Louisiana reveals the importance of offshore drilling further. Louisiana has had offshore drilling since 1947. About 172 active rigs dot the Gulf of Mexico waters off the coast, producing about 79% of the oil and 72% of the natural gas that comes from drilling off the nation's

Analysis of The Neo Classical Theory of Economics Research Paper

Analysis of The Neo Classical Theory of Economics - Research Paper Example The Neoclassical theory of economics introduced the concept of maximizing profits or utility as the base cause for the rational decisions made by man. The economic man acts rationally so as to maximize the gains out of the action. In the case of individuals, the utility of the product decides on the price and the market value of the product. In the case of the companies, it is the profitability of the company that would be the deciding factor. Another leading concept behind the neo-classical theory is that it also accepted the fact that the individuals will act independently and their perception of what is profitable to them might vary. William Stanley Jevons (1871) in his seminal work, The Theory of Political Economy says, 'Given, a certain population, with certain needs and powers of production, in possession of certain lands and other sources of material: required, the mode of employing their labour which will maximize the utility of their produce.' The neo-classical was influenced by the thoughts of a number of economists of the twentieth century and the behavioral economics was adopted by the majority in lieu of the neo-classical. A modified version of this is termed the new classical economic theory and most of the current day work on economics is based on these principles. The new classical theory takes into consideration various factors that make up the economic decision making of the individuals (Emma Dawnay & Hetan Shah Jul 2005). It takes into account the behavior and choice of people based on various reasons not necessarily controlled by the sense of maximizing their utility or their value or their returns. Statement and its implications The statement brings to the forefront of the seven basic principles that differentiate the new classic economic theory from the neoclassical one. However, this theory accepts the fact that economics is one of choice and preference. The logic of preference or economic decisions is controlled by the market prices, the return to the person or the company is going to get out of it and finally the allocation of resources. Apart from these, the decisions are made based on a number of factors that are more behavior oriented rather than economics directed. Information flow in the market place affects the market price and creates a trend in the market. Information in today's world also has an impact on the economic behavior of nations. Behavior and psychology of a person have an effect on the decisions that are made by him.

Are Automotive Manufacturers more Socially Responsible?

Are Automotive Manufacturers more Socially Responsible? To what extent are car manufacturing firms operating in a more socially responsible manner when designing environmentally friendly cars? Abstract Social responsibility is one of the key differentiators between modern corporations, and is seen by many analysts as an antidote to the past few years trend towards the demonisation of corporate institutions. The recent economic crisis, in particular, has led many observers to argue that corporations that fail to address issues of social responsibility will struggle to survive. However, other observers question whether this phenomenon is anything more than a superficial consumer trend, and whether the world economy in general can seriously contemplate a corporate system in which the profit motive is subservient to the need for corporate social responsibility. This dissertation examines social responsibility in terms of the car manufacturing industry, and looks in particular at the question of whether or not the move towards environmentally friendly cars is anything more than a passing phase in an industry that is extremely sensitive to public opinion. Ultimately, the aim of the disse rtation is to determine whether or not corporate social responsibility within the car manufacturing industry is a genuine change, or whether it is simply a superficial response to a passing public trend. Introduction The concept of corporate social responsibility has been one of the dominant themes of the past decade, with consumer recognition of a corporations social responsibility being increasingly seen as a lucrative phenomenon. In the west, in particular, increasing levels of affluence have led to a trend that has seen more customers show willingness to pay more for products that are designed according to theories of social responsibility., and this shift has been nowhere more apparent than in the automobile manufacturing industry. This trend has inter-cut with a recognition (in some quarters) of the need to ensure a more environmentally-friendly approach to industrial production and consumption, and a number of corporations have secured dramatically enhanced public images through a focus on affordable but socially responsible products. However, critics argue that since the primary aim of these corporations is to increase their profits, the appearance of social responsibility has been more o f a cosmetic change than a substantial alteration of core business practices; many critics believe that corporations have, in most cases, merely become better at packaging their products as a more socially responsible, environmentally friendly alternative. Despite the recent financial crisis, the automobile manufacturing industry remains a bellwether for the global economy, and any genuine global industrial changes regarding social responsibility will likely be evident in the automobile industry at an early stage. This dissertation will examine the behaviour of car manufacturing firms and will ask whether they have genuinely become more socially responsible when designing environmentally friendly cars, or whether this is merely a superficial smokescreen designed to generate improved public exposure without leading to genuine changes in design and production philosophies. In particular, the difference between the industrys approach before and after the onset of the recent economic crisis will be examined, and these differences will be used to determine whether or not the move towards social responsibility represented a genuine change to production systems or was merely an attempt to capture the early twenty-first century zeitgeist. Furthermore, the dissertation will examine the extent to which social responsibility and environmental awareness have affected not only above-the-line (i.e. visible to the public) areas of the industry, but also below-the-line (i.e. internal corporate) systems; the d issertation will argue that firms can only be said to have adopted a greater level of social responsibility if their attempts to tackle this issue extend to below-the-line activities. The dissertation will use a series of core examples in order to determine both the hyperbole (i.e. the claims made to the public) and the core below-the-line changes that may, or in some cases may not, reflect the car manufacturing industrys more socially responsible, environmentally friendly approach to business and production. Literature Review Corporate Social Responsibility Social responsibility has been one of the key growth areas in recent years. Crane et al. (2007) define social responsibility, in the corporate context, as a companys ability to put aside the profit motive in order to perform tasks that have a beneficial effect not on the company itself in terms of capital but in terms of an entirely separate social group (Crane et al., 2007, p. 6). In this context, social responsibility can be seen as something that companies are expected to do unbidden, in much the same way as many people choose to donate their time and volunteer to help charities. In some ways, therefore, social responsibility can be seen as an attempt to anthropomorphise corporations by rendering them indebted to a cultural belief that they should act in a more ethical and moral manner. This is in some ways a cultural corrective to the idea of corporations as solely capitalistic, profit-orientated organisations. May et al. (2007) suggest that corporate social responsibility is a popular construct that seeks to imbue corporations with humanistic traits regardless of whether those traits are present or not (May et al., 2007, p. 118). In order for public recognition of these traits to be tangible, there must be a relative relationship between different corporations, so some must be seen to be exercising a great deal of social responsibility, while other must be seen to be doing very little. This is, in effect, the classic polar relationship between good and bad, and it allows consumers to associate themselves with positive, socially responsible companies purely by making certain purchasing decisions. Both sides therefore have a vested interest in social responsibility: consumers feel good if they reward socially responsible companies with their custom, and can use such purchases as a form of status symbol; corporations, meanwhile, can try to generate a larger, more loyal customer base. While some critics argue that social responsibility is a trend that will wax and wane according to various social and economic factors (May et al., 2007, p. 119), others believe that the emergence of social responsibility as a major business factor in the past decade is in fact a permanent change. Crane et al. note that growing awareness of environmental issues has led many people to recognise the importance of social responsibility (Crane et al., 2007, p. 10), and although the recent economic crisis may have led many to hold back on the spending that they would otherwise have directed towards socially responsible corporations, there still appears to be a broad consensus that social responsibility is one of the most important factors in modern business. Consequently, many companies have sought to strengthen their social policy credentials. Environmental Policy One of the key elements of social responsibility is the environment. For more than twenty years, there have been warnings about the effects of global warming. Many corporations choose to exhibit their social responsibility through one of a number of environmentally friendly policies: Reducing the environmental cost of production distribution. Reducing the environmental cost of consumption. Reducing the environmental cost of disposal. Using more environmentally-friendly materials. Reducing packaging and other superfluous elements of a product. Instigating specific environmentally-friendly technological elements. Funding research and education programs. Carbon and pollution off-setting. All of these options and more are regularly employed by companies that want to emphasise their environmental credentials. Large companies tend to focus on methods that require little more effort than throwing money at the problem, e.g. by funding research or off-setting their carbon emissions. However, some other companies are far more inventive, and genuinely try to reduce their environmental impact. Social Responsibility Aside from the environmental factors noted above, companies have found a number of ways of demonstrating their corporate social responsibility: Funding education programs. Providing services, e.g. transportation for school and disabled groups. Promoting volunteerism among their own workers. Donating money to charities. Working to eliminate abuse in the chain of production. The globalised corporate environment makes it more difficult than ever for companies to hide practices that might be unpopular in their domestic markets. For example, if a company seeks to use cheap labour in third world countries, it can make a short-term impact but will usually be exposed eventually. In other words, companies find it increasingly difficult to hide any non-socially responsible behaviour. The Car Manufacturing Industry The vast majority of manufacturers are global in terms of production facilities. The leading US and Japanese manufacturers, for example, tend to have dozens of factories, with at the top five companies all having at least one factory in each of North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Australasia. As such, the industry can be said to be truly global in terms of both customer reach and production. Furthermore, companies often experience great success in non-domestic markets, e.g. Japans Toyota also sells many cars in the US, and Germanys BMW is extremely popular in the UK; the only major exceptions to this rule are two of the three big US companies, General Motors (GM) and Chrysler, both of which have been criticised for their focus on the US market. The Impact of the Economic Crisis on the Car Manufacturing Industry All the worlds car manufacturers have in recent years suffered from the global economic downturn. In the US, the big three manufacturers Ford, Chrysler and General Motors (GM) have all come close to bankruptcy, and GM has been forced to file for chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. Around the world, companies have suffered similar problems, although in most cases not to the extent of the major US companies. In Japan, both Honda and Toyota have suffered heavy losses and have been forced to reconsolidate their core business areas. As a result, the automobile industry has been undergoing a period of immense uncertainty, and this has led many consumers to believe that they can no longer rely on the continued presence of the big names. Apart from the well-publicised problems for the big three US companies GM, Ford and Chrysler, almost every other major car manufacturer around the world has suffered a slump in profits in the past two years, and many have incurred legacy debts during this period that will impact upon their performance for decades to come. Toyota reported a massive $1.7bn loss (Fackler, 2008) and, like most other manufacturers, was forced to re-focus activities on core revenue streams. As one of the key figures in the green car revolution, Toyota had been investing heavily in environmentally-friendly cars, and had been happy to make such investments since it believe there would be massive financial benefits in the long run. However, the financial crisis crippled Toyotas ability to consider the long term implications of its current activities, and forced the company to focus on its core business. As Satoshi Hino notes, Toyota has long been one of the more adventurous companies when it comes to placing substantial industrial bets on future changes in the automobile market, but these have always been backed by strong performances in the companys core activities (Hino, 2005, p. 41). The companys move into electric and hybrid cars seen by many as a key element in the push towards greener automobiles has largely been financed by success in core diesel machines, with the pay-off for this front-end investment expected to arrive between 2010 and 2015. However, with the core business model threatened by double-digit year-on-year sales drops, Toyota was forced in 2009 to consolidate its activities and re-focus on the most profitable elements of its production line. This decision by the company served as dramatic proof that while there was clearly a high degree of confidence in terms of the potential for socially responsible cars to provide a significant pay-off in the medium to long term, this confidence was not strong enough to allow the company to rely on such vehicles during a time of economic crisis. Clearly, therefore, market forces are not yet dictating the need for social responsibility in sufficient numbers, or with sufficient support via purchasing decisions . Research Methodology Research Approach The research will take two key approaches: a questionnaire will be used to conduct primary research into consumer awareness of the question of social responsibility in the car manufacturing industry, and two case studies will be used to determine how two of the worlds biggest manufacturers GM and Toyota deal with this issue. In order to assess the impact of the social responsibility policies of both GM and Toyota, the questionnaires will be designed to measure the impact of such policies (or the lack of them) and the degree to which they change public opinion and have the effect for which they were designed. These questionnaires will be vital in terms of bridging the gap between the theory and reality, and will expose the limitations inherent in this approach. In order to increase the likely response rate, and to comply with ethical considerations regarding privacy, the questionnaires were left anonymous and respondents were told that they could ignore any individual questions that they would prefer not to answer. The secondary research will focus on two case studies, one looking at the leading US car manufacturer (General Motors) and the other looking at the worlds leading car manufacturer, by sales (Toyota). These companies have been chosen for specific reasons. General Motors (GM) has had a difficult economic history over the past two decades, almost filing for bankruptcy in the 1990s before going on to enjoy considerable success with a series of non-environmentally friendly cars (SUVs) while professing to hold social responsibility as a key philosophical point, and then suffering a massive collapse that resulted in the company filing for the fourth largest bankruptcy in US history (see chapter 4). Toyota, meanwhile, has made a name for itself with a series of advanced hybrid cars, but has also suffered during the recent financial crisis (see chapter 5). In other words, GM is seen by many as one of the worlds least socially responsible manufacturers, and Toyota is seen by many as one of the worlds most socially responsible manufacturers. By comparing and contrasting their approaches and fortunes, it should be possible to develop a clear understanding of the extent to which major car manufacturers have been socially responsible in pursuing an environmentally friendly agenda. Research Questions The research is based on the following key questions: To what extent do car manufacturing companies act with a high degree of social responsibility when designing environmentally friendly cars? How important is consumer behaviour to car manufacturers interest in social responsibility? Do consumers drive companies behaviour, or vice versa? What different approaches to the subject of environmentally friendly, socially responsible cars have been taken by different companies? How has the recent economic crisis affected manufacturers interest in social responsibility? Is social responsibility progressing according to narrative trends? Is this a major change to business, or merely a passing trend? Research Limitations Any research project contains inherent limitations. If these limitations are ignored, they do not go away; rather, they linger and negatively impact the reliability of the overall project. Consequently, the best approach is to recognise these limitations from the start and to work to ensure that they are factored out of the equation as much as possible. As Saunders et al. note, its only by recognising the limitations of any research program that the problems that always affect any research project can be brought into the open, addressed and contextualised and, in some cases, turned into positives (Saunders et al., 2009, p. 51). The research limits of this project are as follows: Social responsibility is an inherently subjective matter. Something that is socially responsible in the view of one person may be socially irresponsible in the view of another. Many of the relevant subjects, such as global warming, are not universally recognised. Its therefore important to reflect the fact that there is ongoing debate. There is insufficient time and space to analyse the entire market. Therefore, key examples must be selected for the case studies. As noted in 3.1, the subjects for these case studies were chosen for very specific reasons. Questionnaires must be brief and simple to understand, yet they must also focus on the key points. Persuading respondents to fill in questionnaires can be difficult. All these limitations can be overcome, to various extents. The subjectivity inherent in the research subject is in fact relevant to the continuing social, cultural and political debates regarding the extent to which car companies should, and can, adopt socially responsible roles; some critics argue that this can only be achieved if consumers adopt socially responsible approaches to their purchasing patterns, which will inevitably force corporations to adapt to face this trend. Similarly, the continuing debate over global warming although settled in many peoples view continues to cause debate in many parts of the world. Finally, the limitations of time and space mean that the case study subjects must be analysed extremely closely, and the choices of company must be made carefully. Results Analysis Response 200 questionnaires were sent out. The expected response rate was 40-50%, as per the suggestion by Saunders et al. that any questionnaire-based research project that prompts between a third and a half of targets to respond can be said to have performed averagely (Saunders et al., 2009, p. 102). In the event, 81 questionnaires were returned, representing 40.5%, which is just within the expected range. This gives a statistically relevant sample group. Demographic Information Demographic details are important in research concerning attitudes to consumer activity and the environment, since both of these factors can impact upon an individuals view of these issues. Question 1 concerned the age of the respondents: How old are you? The majority of respondents were in their teens and twenties, with a total of three quarters being under 40. This makes the questionnaire more relevant in terms of analysing the attitudes of younger people. The second question concerned the occupation of the respondents. It was decided to provide broad categories rather than to request specific details. For one thing, this emphasised the confidentiality and privacy of the research, and for another it allowed for easy and effective categorisation of answers: What is your occupation? Around two thirds of the respondents were employed, self-employed or in part-time work, with the rest being students, retired or unemployed. Awareness of Social Responsibility among Car Manufacturers The next question asked respondents if they believed the car manufacturing industry, as a whole, to be socially responsible. A brief explanation was appended to this question, defining social responsibility as an awareness of their impact on society, including the environment, and their efforts to ensure that this impact has a positive rather than a negative effect: How responsible do you think car manufacturers are? An overwhelming majority (67.9%) considered car manufacturers to be either not very or not at all responsible. Breaking these results down according to age and occupation gave the following results: Appreciation of manufacturers social awareness, broken down by age range Clearly, levels of appreciation appear to be at least partly linked to age, with these levels peaking for individuals in their fifties. There are numerous possible reasons for this, including: Media exposure: different age groups are exposed to very different media forms and sources, each of which will likely carry very different stories concerning manufacturers levels of social awareness. Learned behaviour: older respondents will have spent longer living in a time when many of the relevant issues, particularly environmental impact, were not considered. Environmental awareness: some of the answers may be influenced by a lack of belief in the various arguments concerning the environment and, in particular, the car industrys contribution to global warming. Clearly, therefore, awareness of social responsibility is a dynamic factor that reflects a number of different viewpoints, and this factors is by no means viewed the same by different age groups. The clear correlation between age and awareness indicates that manufacturers must ensure that they operate multiple simultaneous social responsibility programs if they are to reach all these groups. However, the next question sought to determine whether or not it was strictly necessary for the manufacturers to try to appeal to everyone, and asked how important social responsibility is to purchasing decisions. First, in terms of the overall response, the result was as follows: How important is a manufacturers social responsibility for you when choosing what car to buy? Almost half (48.1%) claimed that social responsibility was either very or quite important, with just over half (51.9%) claiming that it was not very or not at all important. Given the relatively small sample group for this research project, the difference is small enough to be statistically irrelevant, and broadly indicates a 50-50 split in terms of opinion on this subject. However, looking at the results in terms of an age-related breakdown results in a very different set of results: Importance of social responsibility of manufacturers, by age The data shows a clear depreciation of the importance of social responsibility for older consumers, although there is evidence of an increase for consumers in their 50s and above. In order to determine a link between awareness of social responsibility in the industry and the importance of social responsibility in purchasing decisions, the results from figures 4 and 6 were then combined: Importance, and awareness, of social responsibility in the car manufacturing industry There is clearly an inverse relationship between awareness of social responsibility as a factor in the industry, and belief in the importance of social responsibility. For example, younger people are most likely to believe that social responsibility is an important factor when making purchasing decisions, but are the least appreciative of any efforts that have so far been made. To an extent, this can be seen to be a matter of perception, but theres also clearly a problem for the industry in terms of persuading parts of the consumer base that its intentions are genuine. In order to measure the degree to which various manufacturers have succeeded in their aim of seeming more socially responsible, respondents were next asked whether they thought the industry had become more socially responsible over the past decade: Do you think the car industry has become more socially responsible over the past decade, less socially responsible, or it has stayed mostly the same? The vast majority of respondents believe there has been no real change, strongly suggesting that either the message from the manufacturers has not got through to the public, or that there is a deep level of cynicism in terms of whether the public believe that the rhetoric has translated into genuine action. Finally, respondents were given a range of options and were asked to indicate which they believed were most important in terms of social responsibility. They were asked to tick two or three options, with the aim being to allow them to indicate the elements of corporate social responsibility that were deemed most important: Most important elements of social responsibility Clearly, the vast majority of consumers overwhelmingly equate social responsibility with environmental issues. The only other factor to come close to this in terms of relevance was making donations to charitable causes, which to an extent also involves the environment. Social responsibility is not purely about the environment, and encompasses a range of other activities that can improve society. However, for the consumers canvassed for this research project, environmental issues were by far the most important, and its therefore possible to argue that the environment has overtaken all other elements of social responsibility and has become the single most important issue. Although manufacturers could fight against this perception and attempt to focus attention on other factors, the best approach might be to accept that when it comes to social responsibility, most consumers overwhelmingly focus on the environment. Case Study 1: General Motors (US) Background General Motors (GM) is the largest US car manufacturer, and the second largest in the world (after Toyota) (Trott, 2009). The company relies heavily on four key brands: Chevrolet, Cadillac, Buick and GMC. Each of these brands has a distinctive presence in the US market, but critics have argued that GM has lacked focus on the non-US markets, leaving it particularly vulnerable to domestic turmoil and economic volatility. In 1994, GM came close to bankruptcy following a $4.5bn loss, but cost-cutting measures and management changes ensured its survival. The company was one of the key instigators of the huge rise in sales for sports utility vehicles (SUVs) in the 1990s, a trend that was highly lucrative for GM but which resulted in criticism from environmental campaigners. Between 1998 and 2001, GM and Ford vied for the top spot in the US market, primarily through massively increasing sales in the SUV market. However, the downturn which followed the September 11th 2001 attacks saw GM suff er particularly hard, even compared to Ford, with the latter at least having a strong European heartland on which to rely during difficult trading conditions in the US. Nevertheless, GM bounced back and by 2005 was recording strong sales figures and was eyeing major expansion into overseas markets. However, the recent economic crisis virtually crippled GM, as well as its two key domestic rivals, Ford and Chrysler. GM lost $38.7bn in the 2007 fiscal year (Wearden, 2009), and an almost 50% drop in sales. The following year, GM predicted that it would run out of money in mid-2009 without a substantial re-financing program, and called for government help. In November 2008, the company joined with Ford and Chrysler in formally requesting help from the US government in order to stave off bankruptcy. Even in the context of the financial crisis, this move was massive, since it represented the genuine possibility of the USs three major car companies going bust almost simultaneously. Although the US government, under outgoing president George W. Bush, was initially reluctant to provide money at a time when many other businesses also had legitimate claims for government help, in December 2008 a bridging loan was finally offered. Despite numerous attempts to cut costs and reorganise the co mpany over the next six months, in June 2009 GM filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. After Lehman Brothers, Worldcom and Washington Mutual, this was the fourth largest bankruptcy filing in US history. Eventually, on July 10th 2009, the US government helped to finance a new company, NGMCO Inc., that took on the majority of the old GM assets. The old GM changed its name to Motors Liquidation Company, and the new Vehicle Acquisition Holdings company changed its name to General Motors Company, thereby bringing GM back to life. The new version of GM is mostly owned by the US government, while the old GM Motors Liquidation Company continues to go through the process of the bankruptcy filing. Social Responsibility Both the old and the new GM have been involved in programs to emphasise their social responsibility. Since 1996, GM has financed the Safe Kids USA Buckle Up program, designed to encourage children to use seatbelts. The company has also contributed to a consortium that has donated over $1.2bn to fund education for engineering graduates, a scheme that has recently been extended worldwide. GM has also donated more than $200m in the past decade to charitable causes, and has supported both Democratic and Republican presidential candidates often simultaneously. The companys more recent philanthropic activities include a new global aid program (GM, 2009) and a number of smaller, local community projects designed to improve provisions mostly for children in areas surrounding the companys main factories. These projects have, for the most part, been maintained despite the continued financial uncertainty and the chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings that took place in mid-2009. GM has also launched a major program called I Am GM, designed to showcase the companys strong workplace diversity policies. The program involves placing adverts in newspapers and magazines, and on television, in which GM employees from different ethnic backgrounds talk about their pride in the company. As well as reinforcing the idea of GM as an equal opportunities, ethnically diverse employer, the campaign is designed to show how GM works towards engineering a higher degree of diversity in society. Linked to this program is the companys renewed focus on safety, which has seen not only improvements designed to help children in the event of an accident, but also high-profile campaigns to reinforce the companys vehicles in order to make them withstand bigger crashes. The Buckle Up program has been maintained, and GM has expanded this campaign since 2008 by taking the message to schools around the US. The company claims that corporate responsibility is about more than just words its an acknowledgement that our actions shape our reputation (GM, 2009). Environmentally-Friendly Technology During the 1990s, a number of scandals saw the company accused of poor environmental management, including an accusation that sediments have been stored in unsafe conditions. In 2006, GM was one of a number of manufacturers from around the world named in a suit brought by the State of California over the issue of pollution. The case was dismissed a year later, but the damage to GMs reputation had already been done. In 2008, the Political Economy Research Institute (PERI) ranked GM 18th on its list of the USs worst polluters, giving the company a toxic score of 73,248, set against the no. 1 polluter, E.I. du Pont de Nemours, which scored 285,661 (PERI, 2008). Meanwhile, in the same year, the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) ranked GM 7th out of the worlds largest car manufacturers Managing Communications | Research Proposal Managing Communications | Research Proposal Taversha O’Connor Consulting Firm Business Profile Gilzene’s Consulting firm was founded in the year 1996 by Mr Desmond Gilzene who taught that the industry was lacking in a proper consulting firm. It is a Jamaican-based consulting organization specializing in business development, analysing existing and start-up businesses, creating solutions to problems, and helping small businesses to develop effective plans for meeting their goals. Our mission is to help people create innovative solutions and make informed choices to improve their lives. We motivate and encourage others to achieve their own personal and professional fulfilment. Our main aim is to cater to addressing our client’s issues in the most effective and efficient manner, we believe that our clients’ success is our success. Our consultants have proven experience in executing different projects in organization in the small business environment in Jamaica, some of such businesses includes; Denise Catering Services, Yanique’s House of Styles, Sherine’s Stocking depot, Jody’s Beauty Salon and many more. We offer our valued service for fifty four hours per week and operate from two branches in the rural and urban environment. Business profile Ramà ³n Fancy wear opens for business in the line of supplying the latest fashion in clothing and shoes. Our mission is to provide the most current and unique clothing from top designers around the world. Ramà ³n Fancy Wear is open for business from Monday to Saturday 9am-6pm. This store is located at 45 King Street Linstead where a total of twenty employees is employed in which five are cashiers; three are maintenance worker, eight sales representatives, two supervisors and two managers. Ramà ³n Fancy Wear provides the latest fashions in men, women and children clothing and footwear. However, with so many other similar businesses in the area it was noticed that the business sales profits are declining. Objectives This project seeks to: To understand how to assess information and knowledge To be able to create strategies to increase personal networking to widen the involvement in the decision-making process To develop communication processes and improve systems relating to information and knowledge Methodology Up on conducting this research, various methods will be used. These methods include; qualitative, quantitative, primary and secondary research methods. A quantitative research is explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analysed using mathematical based methods (in particular statistics). With quantitative research it gives a degree of accuracy and more specific answer can be provided (Muijs, 2011). This method will be used when conducting the questionnaires for this research. This research will also take a qualitative approach. According to Hennink et al (2011), a qualitative research is an approach that allows you to examine people’s experiences in detail, by using a specific set of research methods such as in-depth interviews, focus groups discussions, observation, content analysis, visual methods, and life histories or biographies. The main distinctive feature of a qualitative research is that the approach allows you to identify issues from the perspective of your study participants, and understand the meaning and interpretations that they give to behaviour, events or objects. The research will also operate from a secondary method as well. Secondary information consists of sources of data and other information collected by others and archived in some form. These sources include government reports, industry studies, archived data sets, and syndicated information services as well as the traditional books and journals found in libraries and the internet as well. Secondary information offers relatively quick and inexpensive answers to many questions and is almost always the point of departure for primary research. Literature Review Communication is the process of transferring information from a sender to a receiver with use of a medium in which the communicated information is understood by both the sender and receiver. It is a process that allows organisms to exchange information by several methods (what is communication, 2004). From a business perspective, effective communication an absolute must, because it commonly accounts for the difference between success and failure or profit or loss. It has become clear that effective business communication is critical to the successful operation to modern enterprise. Every business person needs to understand the fundamentals of effective communication; it is the most critical component of total quality management. It has been proven that poor communication reduces quality, weakens productivity and eventually leads to anger and a lack of trust among individuals within the organization (Sanchez, 2014). Knowledge has a strong effect on the organization. According to Denning 2009, knowledge is the ideas or understandings which an entity possesses that are used to take effective action to achieve the entity’s goals. Knowledge management is the process through which organizations generate value from their intellectual and knowledge-based assets. Most often, generating value from such assets involves codifying what employees, partners and customers know, and sharing that information among employees, departments and even with other companies in an effort to devise best practices (Levinson, 2014). Improving information management practices is a key focus for many organizations, across both the public and private sectors. This is being driven by a range of factors, including a need to improve the efficiency of business processes, the demands of compliance regulations and the desire to deliver new services (Robertson, 2005). Problem solving and decision-making are important skills for business and life. Problem-solving often involves decision-making, and decision-making is essentially important for management and leadership. There are processes and techniques to improve decision making and the quality of decisions. Problem-solving and decision-making are closely linked, and each requires creativity in identifying and developing options, for which the brainstorming technique is particularly useful. Good decision-making requires a mixture of skills: creative development and identification of options, clarity of judgement firmness of decision, and effective implementation (problem –solving and decision-making, 2010). References what is communication. 2004.n/a. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.only-effective-communication-skills.com/what-is-communication.html. [Accessed 15 February 14]. nick sanchez. 2014.n/a. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.web.njit.edu/~lipuma/352comproc/comproc.htm. [Accessed 15 February 14]. steve denning. 2009.n/a. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.stevedenning.com/knowledgemanagement/what-is-knowledge.aspx. [Accessed 15 February 14]. meridith Levinson. 2014.n/a. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.m.cio.com/article/40343/knowledge_management_definition__and_solutions. [Accessed 15 February 14]. james robertson. 2005.n/a. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.steptwo.com.au/papers/kmc_effectiveim/index.html. [Accessed 15 February 14]. prolem-solving and decision-making. 2010.n/a. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.businessballs.com/problemsolving.html. [Accessed 15 February 14].